These people are called carriers. Streptococci are divided into groups based on their appearance when grown in the laboratory and on their different chemical components. Each group tends to produce specific infections. Groups that are most likely to cause diseases in people include. Group D enterococcus Enterococcal Infections Enterococcal infections are caused by a group of gram-positive bacteria called enterococci, which normally reside in the intestine of healthy people but sometimes cause infection.
See also One species— Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococci —is usually considered separately see Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal infections are caused by the gram-positive, sphere-shaped coccal bacteria see figure How Bacteria Shape Up Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococci. These bacteria commonly cause Inhalation of droplets of secretions from the nose or throat that are dispersed when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Usually, the bacteria are not spread through casual contact, but they may spread in crowded environments such as dormitories, schools, and military barracks.
After 24 hours of antibiotic treatment, people no longer can spread the bacteria to others. Group B streptococci can be spread to newborns through vaginal secretions during vaginal delivery.
Viridans streptococci inhabit the mouth of healthy people but can invade the bloodstream, especially in people with periodontal inflammation, and infect heart valves causing endocarditis Infective Endocarditis Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart endocardium and usually also of the heart valves. Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel Cellulitis Cellulitis Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection of the skin and the tissues immediately beneath the skin.
This infection is most often caused by streptococci or staphylococci. Redness, pain, and Impetigo Impetigo and Ecthyma Impetigo is a superficial skin infection, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or both, that leads to the formation of scabby, yellow-crusted sores and, sometimes, small Necrotizing fasciitis Necrotizing Skin Infections Necrotizing skin infections, including necrotizing cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, are severe forms of cellulitis characterized by death of infected skin and tissues necrosis.
The infected People have sudden chills, fever, and severe pain and tenderness in the affected area. The skin may appear normal until infection is severe. Throat infections are usually caused by a virus but may be caused by bacteria such as streptococcal bacteria Children under 3 years old seldom get strep throat.
Symptoms often appear suddenly. The throat becomes sore. Children may also have chills, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and a general feeling of illness malaise. The throat is beefy red, and the tonsils are swollen, with or without patches of pus. Lymph nodes in the neck are usually enlarged and tender. However, children under 3 years old may not have these symptoms. They may have only a runny nose. If people with a sore throat have a cough, red eyes, hoarseness, diarrhea, or a stuffy nose, the cause is probably a viral infection, not a streptococcal infection.
Scarlet fever: A rash appears first on the face, then spreads to the trunk and limbs. The rash feels like coarse sandpaper. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Infections. Streptococcal infection - group A. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet.
On this page. Symptoms of group A streptococcal infection Diagnosis of group A streptococcal infection Person-to-person contact spreads group A streptococcal bacteria Treatment for group A streptococcal infection Children with group A streptococcal infection The infectious period for group A streptococcal infection Where to get help.
Symptoms of group A streptococcal infection Streptococcal sore throat pharyngitis Typical symptoms include of streptococcal sore throat include: a sore, red throat with thick pus-like fluid around the tonsils fever and chills enlarged and tender lymph nodes in and around the neck vomiting and abdominal complaints, particularly in children.
Scarlet fever The symptoms of scarlet fever include: inflammation of the throat a pink-red rash spreading across the abdomen, side of the chest and in the skin folds. Symptoms of impetigo include: blisters, typically around the nose and mouth and the legs fever and swollen lymph nodes in severe cases. Diagnosis of group A streptococcal infection For cases of pharyngitis and scarlet fever, the routine method of diagnosis is identification of the organism from a throat swab.
Person-to-person contact spreads group A streptococcal bacteria You can contract group A streptococcal infection after contact with infected persons. In rare cases the infection can also be contracted from contaminated foods including: milk and milk products eggs. Group A streptococci are bacteria commonly found in the throat and on the skin. The vast majority of GAS infections are relatively mild illnesses, such as strep throat and impetigo.
Occasionally, however, these bacteria can cause much more severe and even life threatening diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis occasionally described as "the flesh-eating bacteria" and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome STSS.
In addition, people may carry group A streptococci in the throat or on the skin and have no symptoms of disease. These bacteria are spread by direct contact with nose and throat discharges of an infected individual or with infected skin lesions. The risk of spread is greatest when an individual is ill, such as when people have strep throat or an infected wound.
Individuals who carry the bacteria but have no symptoms are much less contagious. Treatment of an infected person with an appropriate antibiotic for 24 hours or longer eliminates contagiousness. However, it is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed. Household items like plates, cups and toys do not play a major role in disease transmission. Invasive GAS disease is a severe and sometimes life-threatening infection in which the bacteria have invaded parts of the body, such as the blood, deep muscle and fat tissue or the lungs.
Approximately 20 percent of patients with necrotizing fasciitis and 60 percent with STSS die. About percent of patients with other forms of invasive group A streptococcal disease die.
Scarlet fever is highly contagious. It can be spread from person to person when someone who is infected coughs or sneezes: the bacteria travels in small droplets in the air. You can get sick by breathing in those droplets or by touching something that the droplets have landed on and touching your nose or mouth. Drinking from the same glass or eating from the same plate as an infected person can also spread the illness.
It is also possible to get scarlet fever sores on the skin caused by GAS. Scarlet fever is treated with a course of antibiotics. Complications sometimes occur and can include abscesses around the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and sinus and ear infections. Other, more rare complications can affect the heart, including rheumatic fever, and kidney disease.
Like strep throat, scarlet fever is more common in children than adults, particularly those ages 5 through Close contact with someone who has the infection is the biggest risk factor for getting the illness. There is no vaccine for scarlet fever, but people can protect themselves by practicing good hygiene , including using a tissue to cover your mouth when sneezing or coughing, washing hands frequently, using alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water are unavailable, and coughing or sneezing into your upper sleeve or elbow rather than your hands if a tissue is not available.
Impetigo This is an infection of the top layers of skin that typically starts when bacteria gets into a cut, scratch, or insect bite. It is usually caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus but can also be caused by strep A. It is most common among children ages 2 to 6.
Symptoms begin as itchy red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin, usually on the face, arms, or legs, that are filled with pus. Impetigo is contagious and can be spread by contact with sores or nasal discharge of an infected person. It can be treated with a round of antibiotics. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Also referred to as PSGN, this is a kidney disease that can develop after a strep A infection.
PSGN usually occurs 10 days after strep throat or scarlet fever and about three weeks after a strep A skin infection.
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