This shows the relationship between frequency and wavelength. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. The relationship between wavelength and frequency is called an inverse relationship, because as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases.
Patterns 5 and 6 have the same wavelength and frequency but the amplitude is different. To make pattern 6, people have to move the slinky back and forth further than for pattern 5. It takes more energy to make pattern 6 than to make pattern 5. This illustrates the relationship between energy and the amplitude of a wave. The higher the amplitude, the higher the energy. To summarise, waves carry energy. The amount of energy they carry is related to their frequency and their amplitude.
The higher the frequency, the more energy, and the higher the amplitude, the more energy. Examples of transverse waves include:. Transverse waves are often demonstrated by moving a rope rapidly up and down. In the diagram the rope moves up and down, producing peaks and troughs. Energy is transferred from left to right. However, none of the particles are transported along a transverse wave. In longitudinal waves, the oscillations are along the same direction as the direction of travel and energy transfer.
Sound waves and waves in a stretched spring are longitudinal waves. P waves are also longitudinal waves. Longitudinal waves show areas of compression and rarefaction. One way to categorize waves is to say that there are longitudinal and transverse waves. In a transverse wave, particles of the medium are displaced in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transport.
In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium are displaced in a direction parallel to energy transport. The animation below depicts a longitudinal pulse in a medium.
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